diff --git a/inspector-vc/src/main/java/org/oneedtech/inspect/vc/probe/CredentialSubjectProbe.java b/inspector-vc/src/main/java/org/oneedtech/inspect/vc/probe/CredentialSubjectProbe.java
index b2c3494..37c917b 100644
--- a/inspector-vc/src/main/java/org/oneedtech/inspect/vc/probe/CredentialSubjectProbe.java
+++ b/inspector-vc/src/main/java/org/oneedtech/inspect/vc/probe/CredentialSubjectProbe.java
@@ -93,6 +93,11 @@ public class CredentialSubjectProbe extends Probe<JsonNode> {
 					}
 				}
 			}
+			// criteria must have id or narrative
+			JsonNode criteria = achievement.get("criteria");
+			if (!criteria.has("id") && !criteria.has("narrative")) {
+				return error("criteria in achievement of credentialSubject must have id or narrative", ctx);
+			}
 		} else if (achivementRequired) {
 			return error("missing required achievement in credentialSubject", ctx);
 		}