174 lines
5.6 KiB
HTML
174 lines
5.6 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>Doctests</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./3rdparty/highlight/styles/default.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/doctest.css">
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<script src="./3rdparty/highlight/highlight.pack.js"></script>
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<script src="../dist/iwmlib.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body onload="Doctest.run()">
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<main>
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<h1>
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Utils
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</h1>
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<p>
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Utility functions can be used across modules. To avoid name conflicts most
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of them are defined as static class functions (i.e. the class mainly serves
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as a namespace). Typically this class name is in the plural, e.g. "Points", "Dates" to ensure that
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existing class names like "Point", "Date" are not in conflict with the namespace.
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</p>
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<h2>
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Cycle
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</h2>
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<p>Cycles simplify to switch between values in a cyclic way.</p>
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<script class="doctest">
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let cycle = new Cycle(1, 2, 3)
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Doctest.expect(cycle.next(), 1)
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Doctest.expect(cycle.next(), 2)
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Doctest.expect(cycle.next(), 3)
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Doctest.expect(cycle.next(), 1)
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</script>
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<h2>
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Dates
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</h2>
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<script class="doctest">
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let feb1900 = new Date(1900, 1, 1)
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Doctest.expect(Dates.daysInMonth(feb1900), 28)
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// 1900 was no leap year
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let feb2000 = new Date(2000, 1, 1)
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Doctest.expect(Dates.daysInMonth(feb2000), 29)
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// 2000 was a leap year
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let mar1913 = new Date(1913, 2, 1)
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Doctest.expect(Dates.daysInMonth(mar1913), 31)
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</script>
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<p>
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A tricky problem is to iterate over years, months, and days to label timelines
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and calendars in a consistent way. This can lead to problems with standard
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(CET) and summer time (CEST).
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To illustrate the problem look at the following example. Although march has 31 days
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the formatted UTC string shows "30.3". Also note that the standard
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new Date() constructor uses a zero-based month:
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</p>
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<script class="doctest">
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let format = { timeZone: 'UTC'}
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let lastMar1913 = new Date(1913, 2, 31)
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Doctest.expect(lastMar1913.toLocaleDateString("de", format), "30.3.1913")
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</script>
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<p>
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The following iterators guarantee that correct labels are generated:</p>
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<script class="doctest">
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let lastDay = null
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for(let day of Dates.iterDays(mar1913)) {
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lastDay = day
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}
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Doctest.expect(lastDay.toLocaleDateString("de", format), "31.3.1913")
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</script>
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<h2>
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Sets
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</h2>
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<p>
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Unfortunately the common set operations of other languages are missing in JavaScript. Therefore we use
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a Sets helper class with static methods:
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</p>
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<script class="doctest">
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let set1 = new Set([1, 2, 3])
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let set2 = new Set([2, 3, 4, 5])
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let set3 = new Set([2, 3, 6])
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Doctest.expect(Array.from(Sets.intersect(set1, set2, set3)), [2, 3])
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Doctest.expect(Array.from(Sets.union(set1, set2, set3)), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
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Doctest.expect(Array.from(Sets.difference(set2, set1, set3)), [4, 5])
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</script>
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<h2>
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Polygon
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</h2>
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<p>An intersection of polygons is needed to compute the overlap of rotated rectangles.
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We are using the library <a href="https://gist.github.com/cwleonard/e124d63238bda7a3cbfa">jspolygon.js</a> but provide a more convenient API that
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is compatible with arrays of absolute points.
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</p>
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<p>To detect intersection with another Polygon object, the instance
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method uses the Separating Axis Theorem. It returns false
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if there is no intersection, or an object if there is. The object
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contains 2 fields, overlap and axis. Moving the other polygon by overlap
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on axis will get the polygons out of intersection.
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</p>
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<p>The following triangles show an overlap. Moving the triangle along the red line would remove the overlap.
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</p>
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<canvas id="canvas" class="grayBorder interactive">Canvas not supported</canvas>
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<script class="doctest">
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let context = canvas.getContext("2d")
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// The jspolygon syntax
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let a = Polygon.fromPoints([{ x: 20, y: 20}, { x: 100, y: 100}, { x: 150, y: 50}])
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a.draw(context)
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let b = Polygon.fromPoints([{x: 70, y: 50}, {x: 150, y: 10}, {x: 200, y: 70}])
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b.draw(context)
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context.strokeStyle = '#ff0000'
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context.beginPath()
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let result = a.intersectsWith(b)
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if (result != false) {
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let {overlap, axis} = result
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context.moveTo(b.center.x, b.center.y)
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let target = Points.add(b.center, { x: overlap * axis.x, y: overlap * axis.y })
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context.lineTo(target.x, target.y)
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}
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context.stroke()
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</script>
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<h2>
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Low Pass Filter
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</h2>
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<p>
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Low Pass Filter muffles fast (high-frequency) changes to the signal.
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For more information visit the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-pass_filter">wikipedia article</a>.
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</p>
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<script class="doctest">
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let lpf = new LowPassFilter(0.5)
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Doctest.expect(lpf.smoothArray([10,8,9,10,12,8,50,10,12,8]), [10,9,9,10,11,9,30,20,16,12])
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Doctest.expect(lpf.next(20), 10.0)
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Doctest.expect(lpf.next(20), 12.5)
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Doctest.expect(lpf.next(20), 14.375)
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Doctest.expect(lpf.next(20), 15.78125)
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lpf = new LowPassFilter(0.2)
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lpf.setup([10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10])
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Doctest.expect(lpf.next(20), 12.0)
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Doctest.expect(lpf.next(10), 10.32)
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</script>
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<h2>
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References
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</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer">
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Circular buffer
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</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20867562/create-a-date-object-with-cet-timezone">
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Create a Date object with CET timezone
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</a></li>
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<li> <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/315760/what-is-the-best-way-to-determine-the-number-of-days-in-a-month-with-javascript">
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What is the best way to determine the number of days in a month with javascript?
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</a></li>
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</ul>
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</main>
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</body>
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